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The clash was centered on the worshippers of Seth and Horus. The nature of this civil war seems to have been religious in nature and therefore also political.
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Many scholars today agree that this period was marked by intense civil war that once again divided the unity between Upper and Lower Egypt. The next period of turmoil in Ancient Egypt occurred around the mid 2600’s BC, in the time of the Second Dynasty. ( Public Domain ) The Raiding of Nubian Lands Some scholars refer to this period as the “Nubian Campaign”, dated to around 3050 BC.ĭjabal Shaykh Sulayman Inscriptions depicting King Djer battling the Nubians. This Djabal Shaykh Sulayman engraving documents the third pharaoh of the First Dynasty, King Djer, in battle against the Nubians. One of these inscriptions is the engraving on a sandstone slab, discovered at a small knoll, known as Djabal Shaykh Sulayman, some seven miles south of Wadi Halfa on the west bank of the Nile. Today, we can assume from these inscriptions that some of the early pharaohs of the First Dynasty tried to defeat Nubia. Some of the earliest known inscriptions from the unified Egyptian era are related to conflicts with Nubia. One of the earliest documented opponents of Ancient Egypt was Nubia, located to its south. And after each intermediate period, there was always a new pharaoh and a new period of prosperity. Today, these are known as intermediate periods in Egyptian civilization. These stages of rule were frequently separated by periods of instability, war, and conflict. The transition between dynasties was sometimes peaceful but often not. During most of this time, Egypt was defined as a kingdom ruled by a pharaoh, and many dynasties came and went. The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt is probably the most significant outcome of all the conflicts in ancient Egyptian history, resulting in three thousand years of development. King Narmer, slate palette ( Public domain ) And Narmer’s dynasty was the first to rule over Ancient Egyptian civilization. For his victory and supreme power, he was given the titles “The Lord of Two Lands”, and “ Of Sedge and Bee ”, symbols of Upper and Lower Egypt. Today, Pharaoh Narmer is considered the first Egyptian leader to unify Upper and Lower Egypt. It can be safely assumed that before Narmer’s rule, intermittent warfare was commonplace for several generations and the goal was always unification. Whether actual armed conflict took place or the invasion was “peaceful” is debated. The unification of these two entities occurred around 3100 BC, when Pharaoh Narmer invaded Upper Egypt with a superior military force and claimed total sovereignty over all of Egypt. For a long time, Upper (South) and Lower (North) Egypt were two separate and opposed political entities, separated by the branches of the Nile River. Long before Upper and Lower Egypt were unified in roughly 3150 BC, Egypt was the scene for continuous intertribal conflict, as numerous independent kings and chieftains warred for supremacy. The Earliest Ancient Egyptian WarsĬonflict in Ancient Egypt was part of its formation and began even before its beginning. This article summarizes the outstanding wars that Ancient Egypt fought and how cunning pharaohs managed to win using the earliest forms of organized military and tactical warfare. Not all the Egyptian wars are interesting or notable, but many were. And for the duration of Ancient Egyptian civilization, they waged many wars, and often defended their prosperous lands from foreign invaders. In their long history that spanned millennia, the ancient Egyptians had many ups and downs, at times nearly losing everything and facing destruction, only to rise again stronger and more powerful. Egypt is probably the longest lasting civilization that was characterized by war. To maintain power, to achieve wealth, and to ensure the prosperity of the people, war had to be waged: whether to conquer or to defend. In the histories of great ancient empires there was one thing that was always a certainty: war.